3.24c Mitosis

Interphase - DNA replication process inside Nucleus

interphase
- nucleus breaks down
- visible pair of chromatids

late prophase
- spindle fibers (protein molecules)
- range from one pole of cell to the other

metaphase
- chromatids attach to the fiber by the central near

anaphase
- fibre shorten pulling chromatids apart
- move to opposite poles of cell
- separation of chromatid pair

telophase
- nucleus reforms around chromosomes at either end of cell

cytokinesis
- cell splits into two
- each cell contain identical chromosomes

3.24b Mitosis

- Original Cell duplicates it's chromosomes  --> DNA Replication
- produces two identical cells








DNA Replication


- the centromere holds the pair together

- reffered to as a pair of chromatids

- replication takes place inside the nucleus
  - interphase

3.24a Mitosis

Mitosis = Cell division --> growth

Chromosomes (in nucleus) - Diploid Number (e.g Humans = 46)

The cell halves itself to produce two identical cells

- same number of chromosomes

- same set of chromosomes

3.16 DNA and Genetic Information

1 Chromosome - 1000 Genes                                

      Double Helix - Parallel Lines

4 Base Types  -  Adenine   A

                           Thymine   T                           

                           Cytosine   C                                         

                           Guanine   G  

Bases hold the backbone together by pairing of 

A - T    G - C                                 = base pairs                                              

The order of the bases = gene

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEBmnfLWDQs&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL

3.15 Genes

DNA - one section = one Gene


1 Gene carries a type of characteristic associated with the gene e.g blood group, petal colour


Nucleus --> Chromosome  --> DNA  --> Gene

Information Flow

Gene (nucleus)  ------>    Protein (cytoplasm)

3.14 Chromosomes

1. Chromosomes have DNA

Sections of the DNA are called Genes


Each Gene carries the information for the construction of a protein - gives characteristic e.g blood group




2. Different Organisms have different amounts of Chromosomes, e.g Humans have 45




3. They operate in pairs - Homologous Pairs

4. The same position/loci on the pair has the same gene (seperate versions for one characteristic)

3.1 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

1. Organisms with sexual reproduction show gender (male/female)
    Asexual have none


2. Sexually Reproducing organisms have Gametes (Sperm - Male, Egg - Female)
    Asexual have none

3. Meiosis produces the Gametes
    Asexual use Mitosis

3. Sexual Reproduction use fertilization
    Asexual none

4. In Sexually Reproduced there is a broad variation of differences
    Asexual reproduction they are identical (clones)