4.7 Energy Efficiency

Explain why only 10% of energy is transferred from on trophic level.


PRODUCER  ->  PRIMARY Con  ->  SECONDARY Con  -> TERTIARY Con
100 KJ


         ^
eaten by animal

1. Energy Loss by Respiration
2. Animal can't digest all material of plant/animal (undigested / waste)

4.6 Energy and Substances in Food

4.5b Food Webs

Food Webs of the Ecosystem:
describes the feeding interaction of a community


Shows organisms feeding at different trophic levels:

1. organisms can have multiple trophic levels
2. multiple prey
3. everything becomes linked

here, animals can both be secondary + primary consumers

4.5a Food Chains

Food Chain Links:

PRODUCER  ->  PRIMARY CONSUMER   -> SECONDARY Con    -> TERTIARY Con


1 Organism per Trophic Level
The Chain shows the flow of matter + energy

                       

4.4 Trophic Levels

4.5 Quadrat Samples

The samples must be random - no biased produced
                     has to be representative - large

- set up a grid system across the area
- place the quadrat into a square, using random numbers of the X,Y coordinates
- count the number of variables in that section

Representative sample - bigger the better
                                     - 10 Quadrats / 10%


Data

4.2 Quadrats

Quadrating - made of string / metal / wood

                    - used to sample an area, count the number of organisms in the square 

"The method of sampling different location so populations can be compared"

4.1 Ecosystems

Ecosystem - a community of Organisms
                   - habitat (abiotic factors, non living)


Abiotic Features:

1. Daylight
2. Temperature
3. Rainfall
4. Humidity
5. Slope

Community of Organisms:

Population of different species + their interactions

population - number of individuals of a particular species

species - organisms reproduce fertile offspring

interact - feeding